УДК 34

Forensic construction, technical and cost examination of real estate objects

Тарабрина Алина Алексеевна – магистр Московского государственного инженерно-строительного университета (Национального исследовательского университета)

Морозова Кристина Михайловна – магистр Московского государственного инженерно-строительного университета (Национального исследовательского университета)

Abstract: The scientific article analyzes the features of the implementation of cost and construction-technical expertise within the framework of the judicial process. The essence of these examinations and their grounds are indicated. The work emphasizes that the procedural restrictions that exist today lead to problems that do not allow the full potential of these examinations to be properly realized. In this regard, it was determined that in order to solve the identified problematic aspects, it is necessary to transform existing approaches to conducting these examinations.

Keywords: judicial construction and technical expertise, expert opinion, valuation, real estate object.

Construction today is one of the most important sectors of the economy, determining the development of society and the state.

Like any other supporting industry, construction is focused on an innovative vector of development, which provides the importance of modern quality standards, safety and energy efficiency of real estate. This, in turn, leads to the emergence of judicial construction, technical and cost examination of construction projects.

Judicial construction, technical and cost expertise differs from extrajudicial expertise:

Procedural in nature – forensic examination is carried out within the framework of the judicial process and is subject to procedural rules.

Mandatory – the conclusion of a forensic examination is mandatory for the court, in contrast to an extrajudicial examination, which is advisory in nature.

Responsibility of the expert - a forensic expert is criminally liable for giving a knowingly false conclusion.

In accordance with Order of the Ministry of Justice of Russia dated December 27, 2012 № 237, judicial construction and technical examination involves conducting independent and detailed cost estimates and, in fact, technical studies of the safety of construction of real estate objects.

An important feature of the organization and conducting of such an examination is its implementation by a specially authorized expert with certain knowledge, as well as its initiation by the court or investigative authorities.

The basis for conducting a judicial (procedural) construction and technical examination, as a rule, is the need for special knowledge in resolving issues that arise in the process of control and supervision of urban planning activities, as well as in resolving disputes between customers and project implementers.

Thus, judicial construction and technical examination is the most important tool for resolving disputes that arises between the participants involved in a construction project (customer and contractor) and is carried out on the initiative of the relevant authorities or individuals.

Cost forensic construction and technical examination involves conducting a study, the task of which is to establish the market value of individual objects (construction and installation works, supplied building materials, etc.).

The result of the expert’s activity (as a participant in the process) is his conclusion, i.e. expert judgment; namely, the result of his intellectual activity, materialized in a text on a specific medium.

The content of the expert opinion consists of answers to the questions posed by the court or other authorized body.

It should be pointed out that the use of cost and construction-technical expertise within the framework of the judicial process is extremely in demand and necessary. However, it is impossible not to mention that the procedural restrictions that exist today, as well as the specifics of the implementation of the judicial process, allow only a fragmentary realization of the potential of these procedures.

Thus, it is important to note that the appointment of these examinations always inevitably leads to an increase in the duration of the trial, and also entails costs that are not distributed between the participants, but are paid exclusively by the losing member. This fact means that contractors or small businesses will not always be interested in initiating an examination.

There are several types of forensic construction, technical and cost expertise:

• Primary examination: carried out for the first time in the case.
• Additional examination: appointed if the conclusion of the primary examination is insufficiently clear or complete.
• Repeated examination: appointed in case of doubts about the correctness or validity of the conclusion of the primary or additional examination.
• Comprehensive examination: carried out by a group of experts from different specialties (builders, appraisers, economists, etc.).
• Commission examination: carried out by a group of experts of the same specialty.

Another problem is the fact that cases related to construction belong to one of the most complicated and complex categories, requiring special competencies that are not implemented within the framework of the judicial process. The lack of proper specialization of judges in resolving construction disputes can lead to a misunderstanding of the case, which negatively affects its outcome.

It is important to understand that today in judicial practice there are no uniform approaches to assessing the quality of the examination performed. The lack of uniformity of judicial practice in construction disputes leads to the fact that often, under similar factual circumstances, courts do not order an examination in all cases, making judicial decisions on the basis of other evidence.

It is important to note that conducting a forensic construction, technical and cost examination requires high qualifications and experience from the expert, as well as deep knowledge in the field of construction, real estate valuation and legislation.

Thus, in order to ensure the integrity and systematic implementation of cost and construction-technical examination within the framework of the judicial process, it is necessary to transform existing approaches to conducting examinations in the construction industry, both at the theoretical and practical level.

Список литературы

1. О государственной судебно-экспертной деятельности в Российской Федерации: федеральный закон от 31.05.2001 № 73-Ф3 // Собрание законодательства РФ. 2021. № 23. Ст. 2291.
2. О некоторых вопросах практики применения арбитражными судами законодательства об экспертизе, п. 6: Постановление Пленума Высшего арбитражного суда Российской Федерации от 4 апреля 2014 г. № 23. // Собрание законодательства РФ. 2020. № 45. Ст. 1762.
3. Приказ Минюста России от 27.12.2012 № 237 (ред. от 28.12.2021) Об утверждении Перечня родов (видов) судебных экспертиз, выполняемых в федеральных бюджетных судебно-экспертных учреждениях Минюста России// Собрание законодательства РФ. 2020. № 30. Ст. 3012.
4. Кутлова, А. В. Задачи, решаемые в рамках судебной строительно-технической экспертизы фундаментов / А. В. Кутлова // Теория права и межгосударственных отношений. – 2022. – Т. 2, № 5 (25). – С. 229-234.
5. Зайцева, Л. И. Проведение строительно-технической и стоимостной экспертизы в контексте применения альтернативных способов разрешения споров / Л. И. Зайцева // Недвижимость: экономика, управление. – 2020. – № 4. – С. 55-58.