УДК 37

Basic principles of the communicative method of Kazakh language teaching

Смаилова Анар Шабазовна – старший преподаватель кафедры Практического курса казахского языка Карагандинского университета имени Е. А. Буктова ( Республика Казахстан).

Рахимбаева Багира Оспановна – старший преподаватель кафедры Практического курса казахского языка Карагандинского университета имени Е. А. Буктова ( Республика Казахстан).

Балапанова Кундыз Жарылгасынқызы – старший преподаватель кафедры Практического курса казахского языка Карагандинского университета имени Е. А. Буктова ( Республика Казахстан).

Жармаганбетова Айнаш Табараковна – старший преподаватель кафедры Практического курса казахского языка Карагандинского университета имени Е. А. Буктова ( Республика Казахстан).

Abstract: The clause converses about the communicatory disposition of teaching, which is a all-important justification for conformableness to the weathers of intercultural indication aimed at the materialization of students' communicatory competence. We testament discourse the introductory customaries of the communicatory disposition of communication learning, the superiorities and effectualness of the communicatory method, extremely as who advantages from the communicatory disposition of learning, the determination of the communicatory method.

Аннотация: В статье говорится о коммуникативной направленности преподавания, которая является важнейшим обоснованием соответствия требованиям межкультурной коммуникации, направленным на материализацию коммуникативной компетентности студентов. Мы расскажем о вводных правилах коммуникативного подхода к обучению общению, о преимуществах и эффективности коммуникативного метода, о том, какие преимущества дает коммуникативный подход к обучению, о выборе коммуникативного метода.

Keywords: communicative method, speech skills, lexical fund, grammatical structure, language barrier.

Ключевые слова: коммуникативный метод, речевые навыки, лексический фонд, грамматическая структура, языковой барьер.

The main task of the communicative method of teaching languages in general is to help the language learner get rid of the well – known language barrier. A feature of the subject of the Kazakh language is the identification of the need for widespread use of new educational technologies along with traditional methods aimed at the formation of basic skills of practical tasks. In general, the following educational technologies are used in teaching a different language:

• technology of communicative learning-aimed at the formation of communicative competence of students;
• multilevel (differentiated) learning technology;
• modular training technology ;
• information and communication technologies (ICT- critical learning);.
• testing technology;
• design technology;
• technology of collaborative learning;
• game technology;
• technology for the development of critical thinking;

The problem that we will consider in our article is the technology of communicative learning. The communicative method of teaching is aimed at the formation of students ' communicative competence, which is the necessary basis for adaptation to the conditions of modern intercultural communication. The communicative approach is a strategy for modeling communication aimed at building psychological and language preparation for communication, a conscious understanding of the material and ways of acting with it. The communicative method in general language teaching is primarily designed to teach students to freely navigate in the environment of the studied language, as well as to act correctly in various language situations. When using this method during the lesson, it is desirable that the topic discussed is organized in real areas of social and household communication as a person's life space, that is, it will be more effective for language learners if it comes into contact with real life. Communication has a role - playing character, that is, each student plays a certain communicative role, such communication contributes not only to the development of linguistic competence, but also social skills, that is, the skills of establishing communication with the interlocutor.

The communicative method of teaching the Kazakh language is aimed at developing the ability to speak on various topics without self-preparation. In the course of the lesson, mainly only the language of instruction is used. The method of communicative teaching of the Kazakh language is based on learning the language in real conditions, which allows you to quickly and naturally master communication skills and easily use the Kazakh language in everyday life. The main goal is to teach a person to speak easily and competently in the language they master. That is, to teach students direct communication and to communicate freely, quickly and competently in the Kazakh language. Therefore, in our method, communication is not only a goal, but also a learning tool. The task of the teacher is to motivate the student to communicate, providing him with the necessary language tools.

It is the advantage of this communicative method that develops the student's ability to communicate competently and quickly, helps to shamelessly express himself in the Kazakh language and not take long pauses (recall, translate) in speech.

Also, the communicative method develops the skills of oral speech, the ability to read and perceive information by ear. As for learning grammar, this happens during communication. In addition, words, phrases and language formulas are first mastered, and then their grammatical analysis is carried out. Thus, the goal of teaching students to speak correctly and fluently is achieved.

In this methodology, the focus is on the practice of direct communication and at the same time overcoming the language barrier, which is often found in many students. When using the communicative method during the lesson, say "speak as much as possible! it is necessary to confidently use the slogan"".

The basic principles of the communicative method of language learning can be called the following:

1. when using the communicative method of teaching the Kazakh language, the student begins to speak the Kazakh language from the first lesson. This helps to quickly get rid of the crunch and language barrier, as a result of which there is a positive effect on the lexical stock. From the initial level of teaching the Kazakh language, it is better to teach the Kazakh language in the form of sentences from the first lesson in order to bring students not to bare words, but to the point that they can speak at a certain level, express their thoughts to another, understand someone's speech and writing.
2. when teaching by the communicative method, only monolingual dictionaries are used (with a Kazakh interpretation of words in the Kazakh language).
3. most often, in the process of using the communicative method of teaching the Kazakh language, vocabulary and grammar are presented through stable structures. Along with the fact that the student has the appropriate lexical stock and grammatical knowledge, he must be able to use it in speech activity.
4. the most important thing about the communicative method: all grammar is taught in context, that is, the language learner learns to understand from context how a particular word or phrase, grammatical structure is used.

However, before using the communicative method of teaching, it is necessary to explain to language learners what a "language barrier or barrier" is. From the point of view of psychology, this is the fear of communication in another language. The reason for this fear is largely due to the fact that a person perceives another language not as a means of communication, but as a task for translation or reading. Unfortunately, this is one of the most pressing issues in the course of language teaching today. Because the language learner goes through the following stages to say something in the language he is learning:

• listen to the interlocutor;
• lexically and grammatically translate a sentence into a native language:
• only then understand the meaning of what you hear;
• create a response in your native language;
• re-use lexical and grammatical knowledge, translate the answer into the language you are learning, etc.

This is how it is very difficult to master the skill of free communication when passing such stages, because each stage requires a lot of effort and time, and this can lead to stress. Therefore, there is an inner fear of communication in another language, which is called the" language barrier".

Thus, the essence of the communicative method is to simultaneously develop the basic skills necessary for learning any foreign language (grammar, reading, oral speech, written speech and listening). Our ultimate goal is to teach the language learner basic communication skills in the Kazakh language. The positive emotional mood of students and increased interest in understanding the Kazakh language were supported by numerous game elements, working in pairs, groups and participating in discussions on topics of interest to them. All this allows the teacher to take into account the individual characteristics of each student, conduct classes creatively and make them interesting. The main task of the communicative method is to teach students first to speak the Kazakh language fluently, and then to teach them to think in this language. For game situations, work in pairs, as well as finding errors, exercises are used that connect and develop not only memory, but also logic, form analytical and figurative thinking. The difference between the communicative method and the traditional one can be seen in Table 1.

Table 1.

Now let's focus on determining who this method is optimal for when learning the Kazakh language. Let's figure out what you achieve in mastering the language you learn in this way, and for whom the communicative method of teaching is useful:

1. for those who want to speak the Kazakh language competently, the ability to speak correctly is the main skill of the communicative method. Students are taught not only to speak on various topics, but also to control the correctness of speech. It's no secret that the language barrier often develops due to the fear that a person will make a mistake when communicating. The communicative approach successfully copes with this fear.
2. for those who want to speak fluently - the communicative approach allows the language learner to speak fluently, using communicative techniques in classes, learn to formulate their thoughts faster, express them in a more understandable way, the more often they speak the Kazakh language. Students will be able to make the most of the knowledge gained if the teacher builds the dialogue in such a way that it is interesting to answer his questions. During training, it is very effective to use the "Pops" formula, "Bloom" button methods. The goal in teaching students consistent speech, different phrases and clichés is to allow them to speak fluently, quickly and be able to compose a sequence of phrases using the correct structures. And practice the ability not to repeat the stated opinion, but to speak with arguments. The game gets used to formulating and clearly conveying..
3. those who want to learn not only to hear, but also to understand the Kazakh language - during a conversation with a teacher, you will be given the opportunity to listen to how natural harmonious speech sounds, learn the sound of the Kazakh language, gradually it will be easier to understand it by ear. Listening is a type of speech activity that involves understanding speech perceived by hearing. Listening forms the basis of communication, mastering verbal communication begins. This is the differentiation of perceived sounds, combining them into semantic complexes, memorizing them while listening and understanding the perceived sound sequence, based on the situation of communication. This allows you to master the sound side of the language, its phonemic composition, intonation, rhythm, melody, accent. In order to develop listening skills of students in the course of language teaching, it will be effective if they use several strategies, such as the following.In particular:
   • sound separation listening, aimed at the perception and understanding of individual sounds;
   • listen to the main content when you need to understand the most important information, ignoring the details;
   • listen with full understanding, where the main content and details are important;
   • listening with selective understanding aimed at isolating and understanding only the information of interest or the information specified in the task. Thus, being closely related to other types of speech activity, listening activity plays an important role in learning the Kazakh language, especially in communicative-oriented learning.
4. for those who want to learn grammar and new words for communication in the Kazakh language-the communicative method includes a very correct and simple principle of learning the grammar of the Kazakh language. That is, by explaining ready-made grammatical structures to language learners, you bring the skill of using them in conversation to automatism. Language learners learn by discussing an interesting topic, using new vocabulary and new grammatical structure in a conversation at the same time. Lexical and grammatical structures in the finished form are more easily mastered than memorizing rules — this is an important condition for the communicative method. For example, the auxiliary verb" is "is given in the Kazakh language in the meaning" okazyvaetsya"," interesting"," hot by " can be explained to students using the following ready-made structures. This grammatical structure coincides with the topic "Social Network" in our educational methodological complex. Therefore, it is possible to quickly and correctly form the skills of competent speech using the new grammatical structure below, involving lexical minimums related to this topic, distributed to students in advance.

Table 2. The meaning of the word «оказывается/It turns out».

Table 3. Use in the sense of «интересно/interesting» Used only in interrogative form.

Table 4. Use in the sense of «хоть бы/I wish».

It is the participatory tasks of such a communicative method that contribute to the systematization of the language learner's own thoughts, fluency, as well as in-depth study of the Kazakh language.

Thus, the integrated use of all the above types of activities in the educational process stimulates the personal, intellectual activity of language learners, develops cognitive activity, contributes to the formation of competencies that a future specialist should possess.

The main advantage of the communicative method is the development of speech without prior preparation. It is impossible to predict the response replica of the interlocutor in it, so one of the goals of this method is to develop a quick reaction of the language learner to the response word of the interlocutor. Students feel the need to discuss these problem situations, which means that they become more motivated to learn. It is better to consider this modern and effective method as a basis for teaching speech to learn and understand the Kazakh language.

References

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