УДК 908

Shaken Aimanov is the founder of Kazakh cinema

Садыкова Айгул Маратовна – доктор философии (PhD) по истории, ассоциированный профессор Высшей школы гуманитарных наук Павлодарского педагогического университета имени А. Маргулана (Республика Казахстан).

Тохметова Гульнар Масеновна – преподаватель-эксперт Высшей школы гуманитарных наук Павлодарского педагогического университета имени А. Маргулана (Республика Казахстан).

Abstract: The article is devoted to the life and work of the founder of Kazakh cinematography, Kazakh actor, director, People’s Artist of the USSR Shaken Aymanov. The authors tried to reveal the identity of Shaken Aymanov and show his contribution to the development of Kazakh film art. Methods used - analysis, synthesis, systematization.

Аннотация: Статья посвящена жизни и творчеству основоположника казахстанского кинематографа, казахкого актера, режиссера, народного артиста СССР Шакена Айманова. Авторы старались раскрыть личность Шакена Айманова и показать его вклад развитие казахского киноискусства. Использованные методы – анализ, синтез, систематизация.

Keywords: Shaken Aymanov, film art, Kazakh cinema, Kazakh film actor, «Kazakh film».

Ключевые слова: Шакен Айманов, киноискусство, казахстанский кинематограф, казахский киноактер, «Казахфильм».

Shaken Aimanov was called by Kalikhan Iskak "the master of Kazakh cinema", and Turmagambet Iztileuuly considered his talent and uniqueness as a "phenomenon" in Kazakh art.

As we know from biographical data, Shaken (Shakhkerim) Kenzhetaevich Aimanov was born on February 15, 1914 in the Aimanbulak village of Bayanaul district of Pavlodar region [1, 136]. A prominent citizen of the country, critic A. Sygayev in his memoir wrote that the Aymanov dynasty near Kereku was familiar to one of the two Kazakhs. There was always a song, altybakan swayed, «aqsújek» game was played, and the melody of a dombra and flute sounded.

After graduating from a rural school and studying at a teacher's Technical School in Semipalatinsk, in 1932 he was invited to the Kazakh Drama Theater in Almaty and accepted as an actor [1, 136]. The talent of Kazakh art Asanali Ashimov notes that Shaken Aimanov came to art thanks to Gabit Musrepov when he studied at the Semipalatinsk pedagogical Technical School [2, 24].

Shaken Aimanov wrote in his memories: "Pre-war period. I came to the cinema field to shoot a movie. It was 1937. A film about Amangeldy Imanov was shot in the village of Kastek. Director – M. Levin. I've only been here for an hour. But, I could not leave the cinema field. I've been here all day. I came to the director and asked him to give me a role, and he told me that all the roles had already been distributed, that I would be in the ranks of the soldiers in in the crowd. What's wrong if he's a soldier. I made a suit for myself. I was shot that day. From that day on, my special love for cinema woke up. Every Monday I went to the movie set. I continued to do what I could. "If I make another movie in the future, I will definitely give you a role," M. Levin promised. The director kept his promise. He was approved for the role of Sarsen in the film "Raikhan" based on the script of Mukhtar Auezov. Thus, I became a movie actor," he writes. Aimanov says that he did not come to the cinema by accident. "Maybe I came to the movie theater by accident. Maybe I wanted to go to the movies. But they did a special job to recognize and notice my talent. I made every effort," he says. The role played by the future director after Sarsen is the image of Sharip in the "Song of Abay". It was Kalibek Kuanyshbayev who brought Shaken to the "Song of Abay" [3].

The first roles of Shaken Aimanov were played in the theater: Gramofonov (Pogodin, "My friend"), Kodar, Kerim ("Abay"), Aldar Kose (Kusainov, "Aldar Kose"), Isatai (Zhansugurov, "Isatai-Makhambet"), Cassio (in "Othello" by W. Shakespeare), Tikhon, Velikanov ("Talents and admirers" by A. Ostrovsky, "The Thunderstorm"), Shchadrin (in Pogodin's "Man with the Gun"), Kidd (in "B. Lavrenov's "Voice of America"), Khlestakov (in "The auditor" by N. Gogol) and others. Selected works of Kazakh, Russian and foreign playwrights formed the basis of the actor's repertoire. Aimanov's acting personality tends to depict personal, fundamental characters. He is an actor who formed a romantic theater school on the Kazakh stage. He studied the images of Akan Seri, Kobylandy, Satin, Petruccio, Othello with great acting skills [1, 136-137].

In this regard, Ashirbek Sygayev wrote about his skill in performing roles as follows: "˂…> When Akan or Petruccio appeared on the stage, it was as if a storm was raging in the auditorium. There was a subtle and mysterious connection between the hall and the stage. When you couldn't move in a flutter, and your two eyes were fixed on the stage, you would feel as if the soul had left your body ˂…>" [2, 75-76].

In addition to being a strong actor, Shaken Aimanov was also a director. He took his first directorial step, bringing to the stage the translation plays "Man with the Gun", "Talents and Admirers", "Court of Honor". In 1947-1951, he was the chief Director of the theater, together with the management of the artistic side. Aimanov's directorial style was dominated by the search for a national color, a bright stage image. In 1949, he was awarded the USSR State Prize for the play "Abai".

On an art trip, he visited many countries of the world, introduced the song, art, traditions of the Kazakh people. At various film festivals, symposia, he met and learned a lot with such stars of world cinema as Jean Gaben, Jean Mare, Sophie Lauren, Raj Kapoor, Frank Kopra. He managed to bring the roles he played on stage and in the cinema to the world level.

He mastered the art of cinema and began his fruitful career in this field by appearing in the films «Abaj әnі» ("The song of Abai" – А.S., G.T.) (1945), "Zhambyl" (1947). In 1953-1970, he headed the artistic side of the Kazakhfilm Studio and made a huge contribution to the development of Kazakh cinema. "Mahabbat turaly aŋyz" ("The Legend of Love" – А.S., G.T.) (1953), "Aldar Kose" (1965), "Atameken" (1966), "Najzatas baurajynda" ("On the slopes of Naizatas" – А.S., G.T.) (1968), directed by Sh. Aimanov, feel the National color most of all (in 1967, the film "Tau hrustalі" ("Mountain crystal" – А.S., G.T.) won the 1st prize at the competition of cinema of the republics of Kazakhstan and Central Asia in Dushanbe) ˂…> Sh. Aimanov laid the foundation for the romantic and Patriotic School of Kazakh cinema. His last work was the film "Atamannyŋ aqyry" ("The end of the Ataman" – А.S., G.T.) (1970), the culmination of the talent of Sh. Aimanov [1, 137].

Asanali Ashimov tells about the coming of Shaken Aimanov to the cinema in his memories: ..He came to the cinema in 1951. He started to build a new road. In the end, he quickly mastered it. At first, the film – play "Kozy Korpesh – Bayan Sulu" was filmed together with the Moscow director Gakkel. Later released the film "Dala qyzy" ("Steppe girl" – А.S., G.T.). Further developed itself " [2,26].

15 films made by him [2,46] have become the pride of Kazakh cinema today. He participated in the organization of the Union of Cinematographers of Kazakhstan and served as the 1st Secretary of the Union's board (1958-1970). He was a jury member of the International Film Festival of Asian and African countries in Cairo and the 3rd International Film Festival (1963) in Moscow [4, 25 ]. He was awarded The Order of Lenin, The Order of the Red Banner of Labour. His name was given to the street of Almaty (1972), the studio "Kazakhfilm" (1984) [1, 137].

Shaken Aimanov has a great legacy that he left to his immortal descendants. «...Although Aymanov did not graduate from any acting school, he united several schools and created many different arts. He was also born talented as a man – an unusually talented actor who managed to find his way to comedy, tragedy, farce, and many other types of art. Whether in the theater, in the cinema, or just in life (especially in everyday life), I have a lot to learn from this person…The aspiring man learned a lot from shaken...From the outside, Aimanov seemed simple, slow. Well, when it came to work, it burned out. It was a soul that treated itself harshly, without counting on time. The motto of life was: work, work, only work," [2, 26-30] A. Ashimov continued his memory.

Now in the memory of one of his students, Askhat Ashrapov "…Shaken agha has never sat without work. He was always thinking. He was looking at the side of not letting go of the gaps left in his films in the next film. In each of his films, he made an effort to show the dignity of his native people, the spiritual essence, the nature of knowledge, as well as moral and ethical principles. It is probably because of this that the National color patterns are clearly felt in the films of Shaken aga…Nature has given Shaken aga freshness, sensuality, tenderness, and a pure heart," he said. "He knows how to deal with the sadness and sadness on people's faces that others do not realize. He was sad with them, he kept himself at ease in any environment – among the intelligentsia, working simple people and quickly got along with them. There were often times when we went out with our family on a creative journey for a long time. There had been times when we had reached the hotel, where we had never been able to find a place. At the same time, Shaken agha ran without touching the pillow, until he placed his partners next to him. He never thought of himself...It is known that during the filming of the film you have to go through many difficulties. Especially in the heat, when your palate was dry and swollen, Shaken aga's humor made your breath fresh. Our free time was spent next to Shaken aga, who played his dombra slowly and sang it to the sound of double strings. If he told a story, he could wave like the sea and make people listen," he said of his high moral character [2, 94-95].

The outstanding writer, public figure Abish Kekilbayev, who deeply appreciated the talent of Shaken Aimanov, said: "The two main characteristics of Aimanov's talent are impatience in search and perseverance in work...Just think: teaching, artistry in the theater, directing in the theater, organization and leadership in the theater, acting in the Cinema, Directing in the cinema, organization and leadership in the cinema, leadership influence in society, teaching influence in art, General planetary cultural communication, film production, theater economics... Is it not worth spending a lifetime on each of these services provided by shaken Aimanov?! It's amazing: it all fits in one life. The ability for all of them was found in only one person" [2, 11].

The work of Shaken Aimanov, the founder of Kazakh cinema, actor, director, people's artist of the Kazakh SSR, who became the people's artist of the USSR, connects the whole side of the people's life, reflects on the National Spiritual Life, teaches from the past, and will certainly be a lesson for the future. his legacy will not fade, it will live with the people.

References

1. Ulttyk encyclopedia [Kazakhstan. National Encyclopedia] /Gen. ed. A. Nysanbayev. Almaty: "Kazakh encyclopedyasy", 1998. 720 p. (In Kazakh).
2. Shaken Aimanov: book 23 / Ed. A. Kudabayev. Pavlodar: "ECO", 2003. 118 p. (In Kazakh).
3. Sahariyanov A. Sháken Aımanov ómіrі men shyǵarmashylyǵy (fılosofııalyq taldaý) [Life and work of shaken Aimanov (philosophical analysis)]. [Elektronnyj resurs]. URL: https://kazgazeta.kz/news/44075 (acces date: 02.08.2023) (In Kazakh).
4. Baıanaula perzentterı [Natives of Bayanaul] / ed. A. Nuhūly. Pavlodar: «EKO», 2008. 568 p. (In Kazakh).